Gukoresha tekinoroji - inzira yo kumena ibiti bibisi cyangwa ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa mu byuma byoroshye, bitandukanijwe - bigenzura neza imbaraga, ubworoherane, hamwe no kwinjiza impapuro za tissue ukoresha buri munsi. Bitekerezeho nko guteka: uburyo utegura ifu (pulp) ihitamo niba umutsima wawe (impapuro za tissue) uhinduka ibibyimba, bikomeye, cyangwa byacitse. Mu kuvura fibre ukoresheje imiti, ubushyuhe, cyangwa gusya kwa mashini, guswera bikuraho ibintu bifatanye nka lignin kandi bigahindura ibikoresho bikarishye mubice byoroheje, byoroshye guhinduka imyenda yoroheje cyane.

Ariko mbere yuko impapuro za tissue zigera murugo rwawe, zitangira ari nini 'Umubyeyi Roll '- impapuro zingana na jumbo zingana nk'imodoka kandi ipima hejuru ya toni. Uyu muzingo munini ni umusingi w'impapuro zose zo mu musarani cyangwa udupfunyika twa napine ugura. Ubwiza bw'iyi Mama Roll buterwa ahanini na stade ya pompe: fibre ndende, isukuye iva mumashanyarazi yateye imbere ikora imizingo ikomeye kuburyo ishobora kugabanywamo ibihumbi n'ibicuruzwa bitagabanije, ariko byoroshye bihagije.

Muri iki kiganiro, tuzareba uburyo uburyo bwo guswera bugira impapuro impapuro intambwe ku yindi:

• Methods Uburyo bwo gukuramo: Kuva mumiti 'guteka ' ya chipi yimbaho ​​kugeza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije.

• Amabanga ya Fibre: Uburyo uburebure bwa fibre nubworoherane bigira ingaruka kubworoshye n'imbaraga.

• Production Umusaruro wa Mama Roll: Kuki guswera bisobanura umuzingo uramba hamwe nimiterere.

• Product Ibicuruzwa byawe byanyuma: Ukuntu izi ntambwe zihishe zerekana niba tissue yumva ari ibicu cyangwa umusenyi!

Mugihe cyanyuma, uzabona impamvu guswera atari siyanse yinganda gusa - ni intwari ituje inyuma ya buri ngingo nziza, yizewe. Reka twibire!

Igice cya 1: Gukurura Ikoranabuhanga 101 - Urufatiro rwimpapuro

1.1 Gusunika ni iki?

Gusunika ni inzira yo kumena ibikoresho bibisi nka chipi yimbaho ​​cyangwa impapuro zongeye gukoreshwa zivanze na fibre yoroshye, mushy bita 'pulp. ' Tekereza nko guhindura pome muri pome - usibye hano, duhindura ibiti bikomeye cyangwa impapuro zishaje mo fibre yoroheje! Intego ni ugukuraho lignin (ifatanye 'kole ' ifata fibre yibiti hamwe) kugirango fibre zishobore kunyerera neza kandi zihuze mumabati yoroheje, akomeye.

Kuki iki kibazo kijyanye nimpapuro?

• Ubwiza bwa fibre iva mu guhitamo neza uburyo bukomeye, bworoshye, cyangwa bwinjiza ingirangingo zawe zanyuma.

• Ibyiza bya pulp = imbaraga za mama zizunguruka (izo mpapuro nini za jumbo zizunguruka nyuma zicamo impapuro zumusarani). Niba fibre idakomeye cyangwa idahwanye, umuzingo wa mama urashobora gutanyuka mugihe cyo kubyara cyangwa ukumva uruhu rwawe.

1.2 Uburyo bwingenzi bwo gukuramo impapuro

Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvoma butuma fibre ifite 'imiterere ' idasanzwe - zimwe zirakomeye ariko zihenze, izindi zifite imbaraga ariko zoroshye. Dore uko bakora:

Pul Gukoresha imashini

• Inzira : Amashami yimbaho ​​yajanjaguwe no gusya amabuye (nko gusya ikawa!). Ibi bituma lignin nyinshi ariko igabanya fibre ngufi.

• Ingaruka z'ababyeyi :

• Ibyiza: Impapuro zihenze, zuzuye - nziza cyane kumpapuro zumusarani zoroshye.

• Ibibi: Intege nke za fibre → amarira byoroshye. Ntabwo ari byiza kubutumwa bwiza.

Pul Gutera imiti (Kraft Process)

• Inzira : Amashanyarazi yimbaho ​​ 'yatetse ' mumiti (nka NaOH) kugirango ashongeshe lignine. Fibre igumaho igihe kirekire kandi neza.

• Ingaruka z'ababyeyi :

• Ibyiza: Fibre super-ikomeye → umubyeyi uramba azunguruka neza kumubiri wo mumaso.

• Ibibi: Koresha imbaraga / amazi menshi; ikeneye kurwanya umwanda.

③ Chemi-Mechanical Pulping (CMP)

• Inzira : Imvange! Igiti kibona imiti yoroheje mbere yo gusya. Kuringaniza ikiguzi nubuziranenge.

• Ingaruka z'ababyeyi :

• Ibyiza kuri: Ibiciro biciriritse-byoroheje kuruta gutunganya, bihendutse kuruta imiti yimiti.

Gusubiramo Fibre

• Inzira : Impapuro zishaje zashizwemo, de-wino (ikuraho wino / kole), hanyuma isukurwa. Fibre igenda iba ngufi buri cyiciro cyo gusubiramo.

• Ingaruka z'ababyeyi :

• Ibyiza: Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije! Akenshi bivanze ninkumi yisugi kugirango imbaraga.

• Ibibi: Fibre ngufi → ikoreshwa cyane mubice byibanze byumusarani (byihishe imbere!).

Uburyo bwo Gukuramo Uburyo bwo Kureba

Uburyo bwa	Fibre	Uburebure	Imbaraga Nziza Kuri
Umukanishi	Mugufi	Hasi	Impapuro zo mu musarani
Imiti (Kraft)	Birebire	Hejuru	Ibice byo mumaso byo hejuru
Chemi-Umukanishi	Hagati	Hagati	Imyenda ya buri munsi
Kongera gukoreshwa	Mugufi	Hasi *	Impapuro zo mu musarani

* Akenshi bivanze ninkumi yisugi kugirango ituze.

Gufata Ibyingenzi : Gukuramo ntabwo ari 'gukora mush ' - ni ADN yimpapuro. Hitamo uburyo bukwiye, hanyuma ubone nyina kuzunguruka bikomeye bihagije kugirango ukemure umuvuduko mwinshi nyamara witonda bihagije kugirango umwana asunike!

Igice cya 2: Uburyo Gusunika bisobanura ubuziranenge bwa Mama？

2.1 Uburebure bwa Fibre & Imbaraga: Intangiriro ya Mama Roll Kuramba

Tekereza fibre iri mumashanyarazi nkibiti byuma muri beto - fibre ndende irema 'skeleton ' ikomeye kumpapuro. Dore uburyo uburyo bwo guswera bugena ubukana bwa nyoko:

• Imiti yimiti (urugero, Ibikorwa byubukorikori) :

• Yibyara fibre ndende, yoroshye → fibre irahuza cyane.

• Igisubizo: Umuzingo wa mama urwanya kurira mugihe cyo gukata byihuse. Byuzuye kumyenda yo mumaso yo hejuru.

• Amashanyarazi :

• Gusya fibre ngufi na jagged → guhuza intege.

• Igisubizo: Kuzunguruka bikunda gusibanganya (ibice bigabanijwe) no kwangirika mugihe cyo gutwara. Byiza gusa kumpapuro zumusarani zihenze.

• Impapuro zongeye gukoreshwa :

• Amagufi magufi, yambarwa → akenshi avangwa ninkumi yisugi kugirango wirinde kumeneka.

Impamvu ari ngombwa : Umubyeyi ukomeye azunguruka = ​​jama nkeya mumashini zihindura = umusaruro uhendutse!

2.2 Ubwitonzi n'imbaraga: Gukuramo ibicuruzwa

Gusunika bihatira guhitamo: ubworoherane bworoshye cyangwa imbaraga zikomeye? Ibanga riri muri lignin (kamere ya 'inkwi y'ibiti '):

• Imiti ya shimi :

• Kuraho 90% + lignin → fibre guma ihindagurika kandi idoze.

• Igisubizo: Ibizunguruka binyura kuri kalendari (koroshya imizingo), bikenera kuvurwa byoroheje.

• Amashanyarazi :

• Lignin ndende → fibre irakomeye kandi irashushanyije.

• Gukosora: Irasaba intambwe yinyongera nko gukanda (gukuramo ibishishwa byumye) kugirango wongere fluffness. Ibiciro bizamuka, ubworoherane buratinda.

Ubwitonzi n'imbaraga Kugereranya

Pulp Ubwoko bwa	Lignin Urwego	Nziza	Ubworoherane Imbaraga	Kuri
Imiti (Kraft)	Hasi	✅✅✅✅✅	✅✅✅✅✅	Ibice byo mumaso
Umukanishi	Hejuru	✅✅	✅	Impapuro zo mu musarani
Kongera gukoreshwa	Birahinduka	✅✅	✅✅	Impapuro zo mu musarani

2.3 Ubushobozi bwo gukuramo: Uruhare rwihishe

Absorbency ntabwo ari amarozi-ni fibre porosity! Guswera bigenzura uburyo umubyeyi azunguruka yinjiza amazi:

• Imiti ya shimi :

• Fibre ifite imyenge isanzwe → amazi yihuta.

• Igisubizo: Kuzunguruka cyane kumpapuro / igitambaro.

• Impapuro zongeye gukoreshwa :

• Ink / imyanda ifunga imyenge → amasaro y'amazi hejuru.

• Igisubizo: Gukaraba cyane mugihe cyo gukuramo fibre idafunze.

Ibintu bishimishije : Kumena imiti ya pompe (urugero, hamwe na hydrogen peroxide) yagura imyenge - byongera kwinjiza 15%!

2.4 Guhuzagurika ni Urufunguzo: Ukuntu Gusunika bigira ingaruka kuri Mama Roll Uniformity

Umubyeyi wuzuye umubyimba = impapuro zafashwe. Gukuramo ibidahuye bitera ubunini butandukanye:

• Inkomoko y'ibibazo :

• Kuvangavanga nabi recycled pulp → fibre clumps.

• Kurenza-gusya imashini ya pulp → 'ibibanza bidakomeye '.

• Ibisubizo :

• Rukuruzi-nyayo ikurikirana ubwinshi bwa pulp (urugero, intego ya fibre 2,5%).

• Igikoresho cyigenga cyikora gihindura amazi / fibre ako kanya.

Ingaruka z'ikibazo kidahuye

Ikibazo	Mama Roll Flaw	Igisubizo Mubipapuro Byumusarani
Fibre fibre	Ibibyimba binini	Amarira iyo adafunguye
Umwuka mwinshi	Intege nke '' ibituba '	Gutandukanya mugihe cyo gupakira
Lignin	Kuringaniza kutaringaniye	Ahantu hacuramye

Igice cya 3: Umusaruro wa Mama Roll - Aho Pulping ihura n'ikoranabuhanga

3.1 Kuva kuri Pulp kugeza kurubuga: Gushiraho Igice Intambwe Zingenzi

Urugendo ruva mumazi rujya kumurongo wimpapuro niho ubwiza bwa pulping bugira urufatiro rwumubyeyi. Imashini ebyiri zituma ubu bupfumu bubaho:

• Igishushanyo mbonera :

• Ibikorwa nka 'kumena ' kuri pulp, gutera fibre kuringaniza kuri ecran ya mesh igenda.

• Uruhare rwa pulping: Gutunganya nabi pulp clump sp spray idahwanye → 'ibicu bicu ' mumuzingo wa nyina.

• Fourdrinier Wire (Impapuro Imashini Mesh) :

• Umukandara wa convoyeur ukuramo amazi mumashanyarazi, ugakora urupapuro rutose.

• Guhuza fibre: Imiti miremire ya fibre fibre ihuza itambitse → imbaraga zambukiranya icyerekezo. Fibre ngufi isubirwamo fibre itabishaka → ibibanza bidakomeye.

: Fact Ukuri gushimishije Niba ifu idasukuwe neza (urugero, wino isigaye muri pisine itunganijwe), urubuga ruba rwijimye - nk'ikawa ya kawa ku gitambaro!

3.2 Kanda & Kuma: Gufunga Ubwiza bwa Pulp

Hano, amazi aranyunyujwe hanyuma agateka - utiriwe ujanjagura impapuro!

• Igice cyo Kanda :

• Imiti yimiti: Fibre isubirana neza → igumana fluffness.

• Gusubiramo ibibyimba: Fibre fibre → ikenera gukanda neza kugirango wirinde guhonyora.

• Gukoresha umwuma muke: Umuvuduko ukabije wikuramo amazi, ariko gukanda cyane fibre fibre → bigabanya ububobere.

• Pulping's trade-off:

• Yankee Dryer :

• Ingoma nini yashyutswe ningoma iteka impapuro zumye.

• Kugenzura ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe butaringaniye → bwarashize nyina azunguruka (nka chip y'ibirayi!). Kuma neza bikenera ubwinshi bwa pulp.

Ingaruka Kanda kuri Mama Roll Ubwiza

Pulp Ubwoko	Bumuvuduko Kwihanganirana	Kubyara Ubunini
Imiti (Kraft)	Hejuru	(Fluffy!)
Kongera gukoreshwa	Hasi	(Guto & tekinike)

3.3 Gukora: Ibanga ryumubyeyi woroshye

Gukora ni agace kavunitse k'impapuro-ituma imizingo yoroshye kandi irambuye!

• ⚙️ Uburyo ikora :

• Inguni ihanamye + umuvuduko gahoro = Imirongo yimbitse → ultra-yoroshye izunguruka.

• Kugabanya inguni + umuvuduko wihuse = Kugabanya imirongo → kuzunguruka gukomeye.

• Icyuma gisiba impapuro zumye kuri Yankee Dryer, zikora uduce duto (nko kwinginga umwenda).

• Inguni ya blade & byumye:

• Ingaruka ya pulping :

• Imiti ya chimique: Fibre irunama byoroshye → gutembera neza → igicu kimeze nkicyoroshye ☁️.

• Isubirwamo risubirwamo: Fibre ikomeye irwanya kunyerera → ikenera inyongeramusaruro zingirakamaro zifasha gukuba.

3.4 Guhindura urutonde rwababyeyi: Ibyingenzi

Winding ihindura impapuro mumuzingo wa jumbo (ubugari bwa metero 1,5-3!). Hano, gukuramo inenge birashobora gutera akaduruvayo:

• Control Kugenzura amakimbirane :

• Impanuka itaringaniye ots ibibanza bidakomeye → impapuro zifata mugihe cyo guhinduranya → 'indobo ' cyangwa impande zasenyutse.

• Igisubizo: Sensors ihindura impagarara mugihe nyacyo-nka thermostat yimpapuro!

• Ibipimo bya Mama Roll :

• Diameter: metero 1.5-3 (muremure nka firigo!).

• Ubucucike: Ugomba kuba umwe - oya 'ibice '.

• Nta ngingo: Umuzingo umwe, udafite kashe ituma gukata neza nyuma.

Ibipimo Byiza

Urufunguzo rwo	Byiza Urwego rwo Kuvoma	Kuzenguruka
Impagarara	2.5–3.0 N / cm	Intege nke zongeye gukoreshwa
Ubucucike	0,35–0.45 g / cm³	Impanuka idahuye → umufuka wikirere
Umuvuduko	15-20 m / amasegonda	Byihuta + fibre ngufi → amarira

Igice cya 4: Gusunika Kuramba - Kazoza ka Tissue Mama Rolls

4.1 Gusunika Enzymatique: Kugabanya Imiti Yimiti

Tekereza ukoresheje utuntu duto 'imikasi ya molekile ' (enzymes!) Kugirango utandukanye buhoro buhoro fibre yibiti aho gukoresha imiti ikaze. Nibyo gusohora imisemburo:

• Uburyo ikora : Enzymes nka laccase (enzyme yo kurya lignin) cyangwa xylanase (digester hemicellulose digester) isenya 'glue ' (lignin) ihuza fibre. Ninkaho gukoresha urufunguzo rwibinyabuzima kugirango ufungure ibiti - nta miti yubumara ikenewe.

• Inyungu kubitabo byababyeyi :

• 20% fibre ikomeye: Enzymes ibika uburebure bwa fibre kandi igakora imbuga nyinshi zihuza → imizingo ikaze irwanya gutabuka mugihe cyo gutema.

• Kwangiza ibinyabuzima byihuse: Indwara ya Enzyme ivurwa isenyuka bisanzwe mubyumweru, ntabwo ari imyaka-nibyiza kubidukikije byangiza ibidukikije.

• Kuzigama ingufu: Koresha ingufu nkeya 40% ugereranije na pulping gakondo.

4.2 Gufunga-Gufungura Imiti yo Kugarura (Ubukorikori)

Imiti gakondo ivura ntabwo ipfuye-irimo kubona icyatsi kibisi!

• Inzoga z'umukara zongera gukoreshwa :

• Imiti yangiza imyanda (nka NaOH) nubushyuhe buturuka kumashanyarazi bifatwa bigakoreshwa.

• Ingaruka: Igabanya gukoresha amazi 90% (kuva kuri toni 80 kugeza kuri 8 kuri toni ya pulp!) Hamwe na recycle> 85% yimiti.

• Ibirenge bya Carbone :

• Ubushyuhe bwagaruwe busubizamo igihingwa cya pulping → kigabanya imyuka ya CO₂ 50% na sisitemu yo kudasubirana.

• Akarusho k'ababyeyi: Inzira isukuye = nta bisigazwa bya shimi → bifite umutekano kubihanagura abana / imyenda yo mumaso.

4.3 Ubundi Fibre ya Green Green Mama Rolls

Wibagiwe ibiti bikura buhoro! Imigano na bagasse (imyanda y'ibisheke) ni abahindura imikino:

Bamboo Pulp

• Gukura cyane : Gukura mumyaka 2-33 (umurongo wa 20+ kubiti), uzigama ibiti miliyoni 12 / mwaka kuri buri 1% yakoreshejwe.

• Ibyiza bisanzwe :

• Antibacterial ( 'Bamboo Kun ' yica mikorobe 99%) → imiti mike ikenewe.

• Fibre 30% ikomeye kuruta igiti → kiramba cyumubyeyi.

• Ikibazo : Gukomera kwa fibre → bisaba kunyerera byoroheje.

Bagasse (Ibisheke)

• Imyanda-ku-mutungo : Koresha ibiti bisigaye biva mu musukari.

• Ingufu-itara : 50% bike imbaraga zo gukurura ibiti.

• Ikoreshwa : Bivanze n imigano kugirango bije ingengo yimari.

Fibre Showdown

Fibre	Gukura Igihe	Pulp Ingufu Koresha	Ibyiza	Kubibazo
Umugano	Imyaka 2-3	Hasi	Amashanyarazi	Ukeneye koroshya
Bagasse	Umwaka 1	Hasi cyane	Ingengo yimari	Fibre ngufi → intege nke
Igiti	Imyaka 20+	Hejuru	Imizingo isanzwe	Ibyago byo gutema amashyamba

Umusaruro Tweaks kubindi bisobanuro

• Kanda : Umuvuduko witonda kugirango wirinde kumenagura fibre fibre.

• Kuma : Hasi ya Yankee yumye kugirango wirinde gucana.

• Ibyongeweho : Ibikoresho bitose-bigasse kugirango wirinde kumeneka.

Umwanzuro: Gusunika - Moteri itagaragara ya Tissue Excellence

Gukoresha tekinoroji bisobanura ADN ya tissue nyina irazunguruka : ishyiraho urufatiro rwimbaraga, ubworoherane, hamwe nuburinganire - imico idashobora kuganirwaho kumubiri.

Igihe kizaza kiri mu guhanga udushya: gusunika imisemburo (ukoresheje ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije 'imikasi ya molekile ') hamwe no kugenzura fibre ikoreshwa na AI bizagabanya imyanda mugihe bizamura ireme.

'Mugihe uhisemo imizingo ya mama, baza abaza kubitanga kubijyanye nigikorwa cyabo cyo guhunika - ni ibanga ryihishe inyuma yimikorere ya tissue yawe hamwe nikirenge cyacyo. '

Ibibazo: Gusunika & Tissue Mama Rolls

Ikibazo : Ese ibishishwa byongera gukoreshwa bishobora kubyara umuzingo wa mama?

Igisubizo : Yego, ariko bisaba kuvanga na> 30% ya fibre ndende ya fibre ya chimique hamwe nuburyo bunoze bwo gucengera kugirango ugere ku mbaraga no kugenda neza. Isupu itunganijwe neza ifite fibre ngufi ikunda gutanyuka mugihe cyo kwihuta cyane.

Ikibazo : Kuki mama arira amarira mugihe cyo guhinduka?

. Igisubizo Ibisubizo birimo igihe nyacyo cyo kugenzura ubuziranenge no guhindura Yankee yumye.

Ikibazo : Nigute guswera bigira ingaruka kumpapuro zera?

Igisubizo : Ibikoresho bya chimique biri munsi ya lignin ituma uburyo bwo guhumeka neza → burabagirana, bwera butajegajega. Mechanical / recycled pulps igumana lignin nyinshi, bisaba intambwe yinyongera yo guhumeka ishobora guca intege fibre.